Although his main claim to fame is as a mathematician, Archimedes is also known for his many discoveries and inventions in physics and engineering, which include the following.
He invented the water-screw, which is still used in Egypt, for irrigation, draining marshy land and pumping out water from the bilges of ships.
He invented various devices used to defend Syracuse when it was besieged by the Romans. These included powerful
catapults, the burning-mirror and systems of pulleys. It was his pride in what he could lift with the aid of pulleys and levers which provoked his glorious phrase "Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth".
He discovered the hydrostatic principle that a body immersed in a fluid is subject to an upthrust equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the body. This discovery is said to have inspired his famous cry "Eureka".